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The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The best known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October 1934. The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on the brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The Communists, under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over 9,000 kilometers (6,000 miles) over 370 days.〔Zhang, Chunhou. Vaughan, C. Edwin. () (2002). Mao Zedong as Poet and Revolutionary Leader: Social and Historical Perspectives. Lexington books. ISBN 0-7391-0406-3. pg 65.〕 The route passed through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by traveling west, then north, to Shaanxi. The Long March began Mao Zedong's ascent to power, whose leadership during the retreat gained him the support of the members of the party. The bitter struggles of the Long March, which was completed by only about one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao and his supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following decades. ==Timeline== *1930: Unofficial founding of the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet by Mao Zedong and Zhu De. *1931: December, Zhou Enlai arrives in Ruijin and replaces Mao as leader of the CCP. *1932: October, at the Ningdu Conference, major CCP military leaders criticize Mao's tactics; Mao is demoted to figurehead status. *1933: Bo Gu and Otto Braun (Li De) arrive from the USSR, reorganize the Red Army, and take control of Party affairs. They defeat four encirclement campaigns. *1933: September 25, start of the Fifth Encirclement Campaign. Bo and Braun are defeated. *1934: October 16, breakout of 130,000 soldiers and civilians led by Bo Gu and Otto Braun, beginning the Long March. *1934: November 25 – December 3, Battle of Xiang River. *1935: January 15–17, Zunyi Conference. The leadership of Bo and Braun is denounced. Zhou becomes the most powerful person in the Party; Mao becomes Zhou's assistant. *1935: June–July, troops under Zhou and Mao meet with Zhang Guotao's troops. The two forces disagree on strategy, and separate. *1935: April 29 – May 8, crossing of the Jinsha River, a major tributary of the Yangtze. *1935: May 22, Yihai Alliance with the Yi people. *1935: May 29, CCP forces capture Luding Bridge. *1935: July, CCP forces cross the Jade Dragon Snow Mountains. *1935: August, CCP forces cross the Zoigê Marsh. *1935: September 16, CCP forces cross the Lazikou Pass. *1935: October 22, Union of the three armies in Shaanxi, end of the Long March. *1935: November, Mao becomes leader of the CCP. Zhou becomes Mao's assistant. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Long March」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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